This may seem like a sort of vague question, but what exactly is that type of thin scarf/cloth you see wrapped around the arms and behind the back called? Hi, thanks for the question – it’s not vague at all! The thin, long scarf that you see worn with hanfu, wrapped around the arms and behind the back, is called pibo/披帛. And what is the history of it? It was originally used to protect against wind and cold air, and gradually became an important fashion accessory. Sources state that pibo first appeared sometime around the Qin dynasty (221- 206 BC). The other type could be more than two meters in length, and was used mostly by unmarried women. Pibo really came into vogue during the Sui and Tang dynasties. There were two types of pibo: one was wider and shorter, used mostly by married women. Initially, it was worn by performers and those residing in the palace. The open, confident culture of the Tang meant that women were eager to utilize accessories to make their appearance and outfits more glamorous. There were many ways of wearing pibo, and each time period had its own popular styles. For example, during the early Tang dynasty, women put pibo directly on their shoulders. After the rise of the Kaiyuan era, it became popular among the common people. It fell out of common use during the time of the Song dynasty. Recently, however, with the hanfu revival movement, pibo has been making a comeback as an essential accessory of hanfu. Pibo is generally only worn with ruqun, and wearing it with other hanfu styles such as quju or aoqun is seen as incongruous (see this post for definitions of hanfu terms). After the Tang dynasty, the pibo gradually became less popular. Of course, nowadays people can wear it however they want. For more references, please see my Pibo tag.
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